Content of the subject
Chapter 1. Introduction to Protection: (4 weeks)
General concepts about the main faults that may occur in an electrical power network, Measurement devices and reduction of electrical quantities characterising different faults (current transformer, voltage transformer, impedance measurement, power measurement, symmetrical current and voltage component filters, etc.), Generalities about protection (Definitions; Selectivity; Sensitivity; Speed and reliability), Amperometric and volumetric protections, Selectivity mode.
Chapter 2. Review of Symmetrical Components and Fault Currents (3 weeks)
Definition of symmetrical components, transformation of load impedances into symmetrical components, symmetrical components of'series' impedances, single-phase equivalent diagrams of sequence networks for rotating machines, expression of apparent power in symmetrical components, equivalent diagrams (positive, negative, and zero sequence), and relationships for different types of faults.
Chapter 3. Elements of the Protection System: (3 weeks)
Basic structural model, Technology operation and applications of different types of relays (Current relays, voltage relays, differential current relays, directional power relays, distance relays, etc.), Voltage and current transformation.
Chapter 4. Protection of Network Elements: (5 weeks)
Protection of alternators and motors; Protection of busbars; Protection of transformers; Protection of lines, distance and differential protection.