Section outline

    • ü The Islamic society during the medieval era had interconnected relationships with various other societies. It granted rights to non-Muslim communities, acknowledging their existence. This indicates that Islamic law is applicable to all peoples and nations, regardless of time and place.

      مكتبة الفاطميين 2.6 مليون كتاب وفهرس عناوين خزانة الأمويين بقرطبة 900  صفحة.. تعرف على عالم المكتبات في الحضارة الإسلامية | تراث | الجزيرة نت

      ü During the medieval period, European society saw a division in international law between the laws of war and the laws of peace. The concept of just and unjust war emerged, distinguishing between legitimate and illegitimate warfare. Additionally, there were efforts to introduce peaceful methods for resolving conflicts, such as arbitration and mediation. These developments reflected a growing awareness of the need for legal frameworks to regulate both armed conflict and peaceful relations between states.

      طبقات المجتمع الأوروبي في العصر القديم - ويكيبيديا