Analytical competence: identify and compare these phenomena in spoken or written discourse.
Interpretive competence: explain why speakers change language or variety depending on context, interlocutor, and social setting.
Linguistic competence: use the correct terminology and describe examples accurately.
Communicative competence: discuss sociolinguistic issues clearly in oral and written form.
Critical competence: reflect on how social factors such as class, age, gender, and identity influence language variation.