Section outline

  • teaching objectives

      • By the end of the course, students should be able to:
        • Distinguish between these concepts and explain how they are related.
        • Describe the social functions of language choice in multilingual communities.
        • Recognize and analyze code-switching in spoken and written discourse.
        • Explain borrowing as a result of language contact.
        • Understand the basic principles of variationist sociolinguistics.
        • Observe how language varies according to social factors such as class, gender, age, and context.
        • Apply sociolinguistic terminology correctly in analysis and discussion.
        • Relate these concepts to English and to multilingual societies, especially those familiar to the students.
      •  skills
        Knowledge competence: understand the definitions and main features of diglossia, bilingualism, code-switching, borrowing, and variationist sociolinguistics.
        Analytical competence: identify and compare these phenomena in spoken or written discourse.
        Interpretive competence: explain why speakers change language or variety depending on context, interlocutor, and social setting. 
        Linguistic competence: use the correct terminology and describe examples accurately. 
        Communicative competence: discuss sociolinguistic issues clearly in oral and written form. 
        Critical competence: reflect on how social factors such as class, age, gender, and identity influence language variation.